Abstract: In order to study the design and performance analysis of the SC-CO2 extraction system of side wells for geothermal resource development of abandoned oil and gas wells, a model of SC-CO2 extraction in the middle and deep layers was established, and the extraction performance of geothermal resource modification of abandoned oil and gas wells was evaluated. The pumping schemes of one injection, two injections and four injections were designed. The effects of high-temperature reservoir size, well diameter and well depth on the performance of the geothermal system were analysed. The results show that the temperature field decreases gradually after SC-CO2 injection, which is especially obvious in the large fracture zone. Four injection schemes, increasing the number of injection wells and deepening the reservoir can improve the heat extraction efficiency and cumulative extraction of the geothermal system. Increasing the injection temperature can extend the operating time of the geothermal system. Read More

Abstract: Urban spatial patterns significantly influence carbon emissions, yet research on their precise correlation at the micro-scale remains insufficient. This study integrates DMSP-OLS nighttime light data (2000–2011) and SNPP-VIIRS data (2012–2020) to simulate the spatial distribution of carbon emissions in the main urban area of Yichang. A linear regression model was established between the corrected nighttime light index and the calculated carbon emissions derived from energy consumption data The results indicate a strong positive correlation between night-time light intensity and carbon emissions. Furthermore, the carbon emission center is predominantly concentrated in the Xiling District and diffuses toward the suburbs. Based on these findings, this study proposes urban spatial management strategies aligned with compact city development, including decentralizing core functions, intensive land utilization, and expanding green spaces to facilitate low-carbon transition and sustainable urban development. Read More

Abstract: In order to adapt to the development of The Times, reduce the construction amount of workers and meet the requirements of intelligent roadway construction, there is an urgent need for a new material to solve the existing problems of the existing support materials. Thin spray material is a kind of polymer cement based material, which has the effect of preventing weathering of surrounding rock, spontaneous combustion of coal seam, harmful gas sealing, preventing corrosion of metal support and supporting of surrounding rock. This paper mainly summarizes the research progress of thin spray materials in recent years and the mechanical properties and sealing properties of thin spray materials, finds the problems of existing thin spray materials in the market and puts forward their own views, and finally prospects the future of thin spray materials. Read More

Abstract: The cyclic injection-production operations in underground gas storage (UGS) pose significant challenges to the sealing integrity of wellbore cement sheath under cyclic loading. To elucidate the failure mechanism, this study systematically investigates the deformation behavior and integrity of cement sheath used in UGS through mechanical experiments. Firstly, uniaxial, ambient-temperature triaxial, high-temperature triaxial, and cyclic loading-unloading tests were conducted on set cement to clarify the evolution laws of its mechanical properties. The results indicate that set cement exhibits brittle failure under uniaxial compression. The confining pressure in triaxial tests significantly enhances its strength and ductility, while a high-temperature environment induces a pronounced thermal softening effect, leading to earlier yielding and enhanced plastic deformation. Under cyclic loading, the cement displays a hysteresis loop, with plastic strain accumulating continuously. Furthermore, the upper limit of cyclic stress is identified as the key factor governing its fatigue damage. Based on these findings, engineering application guidance is proposed, focusing on the selection of high-temperature resistant materials and the control of operational pressure. This provides a theoretical basis for ensuring the long-term safe operation of UGS wells. Read More

Abstract: Traditional design of space grid structures typically relies on the assumption of pinned joints. While this simplification streamlines the evaluation of member importance, it fails to account for the semi-rigid behavior of actual connections. This discrepancy often leads to inaccuracies in structural analysis and member importance ranking, introducing potential risks of misjudgment. To overcome these limitations, this study develops a more refined evaluation framework. First, a high-fidelity finite element model (FEM) of a semi-rigid space grid was established, incorporating joint rotational stiffness. Members were simulated using segmented beam elements, and the model's accuracy was rigorously validated against experimental data. Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation index was proposed based on structural strain energy, which integrates multiple internal force components, including axial force, bending moment, and shear force. Finally, the proposed method was applied to a regular square pyramid space grid to compare member importance rankings against traditional methods. The underlying internal force redistribution mechanisms were analyzed by selecting representative members with significant ranking discrepancies. The results indicate that while both methods show consistent trends for most members, substantial differences exist in critical regions, such as the top chords. Mechanism analysis reveals that the traditional pinned-joint model, by neglecting moment transfer, results in simplified load paths and stress concentrations, thereby overestimating the importance of specific members. In contrast, the semi-rigid model accurately reflects the diversified load-transfer mechanisms facilitated by joint moments. This study confirms that joint semi-rigidity significantly influences the assessment of member importance. The proposed method effectively identifies and corrects misjudgments caused by the pinned-joint assumption, providing a more reliable theoretical basis … Read More

Abstract: The near-surface structure and unique physical properties of loess-covered areas render traditional geophysical methods ineffective in achieving high-precision structural detection of loess layers, thereby restricting regional resource exploration, geological hazard prevention, and optimal utilization of water resources. Focusing on the loess layers in the Qianyang area, this study aims to address the challenge of fine characterization of loess layer structures using first-break tomographic imaging technology. Firstly, the key parameters such as vertical stratification and velocity of loess layer are obtained through the investigation and analysis of geological data, and the initial geological geophysical model is constructed; Then, typical models such as horizontal surface, undulating surface and fault are designed to carry out forward simulation, analyze the influence of terrain and fault on first break propagation, and verify the applicability of first break tomography technology; Finally, the tomographic inversion of the actual data in the study area is carried out, and the comprehensive interpretation is completed by combining the seismic reflection profile. The results indicate that topographic relief causes regional shifts in first-break travel times, while faults induce first-break signal anomalies. However, first-break tomographic imaging technology can effectively mitigate these effects, enabling accurate identification of key geological interfaces such as the internal structures of individual loess layers, loess-bedrock interfaces, and concealed faults, among others. This study confirms the effectiveness of first-break tomographic imaging technology for delineating loess layer structures. Read More

Abstract: Lost circulation is a major engineering problem that restricts the safe and efficient drilling of oil and gas wells. Reservoirs of the Mesozoic Yanchang Formation in Zhengning Oilfield are generally characterized by low porosity, low permeability, strong heterogeneity, and seepage jointly controlled by fractures and microfractures, which makes the types of lost-circulation channels encountered during drilling highly complex and the plugging operation difficult. On the basis of reviewing the research status of commonly used lost-circulation materials and plugging technologies, this paper combines the reservoir characteristics and lost-circulation background of the Yanchang Formation in Zhengning Oilfield to analyze the block adaptability of existing plugging systems. Drawing on previous studies on lost-circulation optimization in the Yanchang Formation—especially the findings related to particle-size analysis, D90 adaptability evaluation, rheology and filtration tests, and composite-formulation optimization—Chapter 4 is rewritten as an experimental evaluation and optimization of lost-circulation materials. The study shows that lost-circulation control in the Yanchang Formation of Zhengning Oilfield should emphasize a multi-stage synergistic concept of "coarse-particle bridging–medium-particle filling–fine-particle compaction." A broad particle-size-distribution composite system should be preferentially adopted so that the pressure-bearing and anti-erosion capacity of the sealing layer can be ensured while maintaining stable drilling-fluid rheology and filtration performance. Read More

Abstract: Ferric stromatolites are microbialites formed by cyanobacteria and other microorganisms under specific geological conditions. Their unique layered structure and iron-bearing composition are of great significance for understanding microbial evolution and mineral genesis. With the continuous advancement and improvement of exploration technologies and research methods, ferric stromatolites will play an increasingly prominent and important role in iron ore resource exploration. Therefore, this paper summarizes the basic concepts of ferric stromatolites, outlines their research value, research methods, formation mechanisms, geological distribution and exploration significance in geology, and draws corresponding conclusions. Read More

Abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion has attracted increasing attention as a promising strategy for both carbon mitigation and the production of value-added chemicals. However, the high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO2 make its efficient transformation challenging. In this review, CO2 conversion is classified according to whether the oxidation state of the central carbon atom changes during the reaction process, dividing it into reductive and non-reductive pathways. Reductive conversion mainly produces CO, CH4, and multicarbon (C2+) products, while non-reductive conversion mainly yields carbonates, carbamates, and urea derivatives through direct functionalization. The characteristics, representative pathways, and major challenges of these product systems are briefly discussed. Overall, reductive pathways are more suitable for fuel production and carbon upgrading, whereas non-reductive pathways show advantages in the selective synthesis of fine chemicals. This review provides a concise framework for understanding CO2 conversion routes and highlights key challenges and future directions for their sustainable development. Read More

Abstract: This study a systematic analysis on the hydrogeological conditions of Jingxin mining area to prevent water inrush accidents in coal mine shafts. Based on industry norms such as the "Mine Water Prevention Detailed Rules" and the "Procedures for the Layout and Pressure Mining of Coal Pillars and Water Bodies in Buildings, Water Bodies, Railways and Main Shaft and Tunnel Coal Pillars", the key elements such as the aquifers and water bodies affected or damaged by mining in the mining area, the distribution of old void water in the mining area and surrounding areas, the mine water inflow volume, the water inrush volume during mine outbursts, and the difficulty of water prevention and control were analyzed. The mine hydrogeological type was determined. In addition, the height of the water-conducting fracture zone of the coal seam and the water volume in the abandoned area were calculated using relevant formulas. Through analysis and calculation, it was concluded that the aquifers and water bodies affected or damaged by the current mining coal seam in the mining area are the overlying Lower Shizheji Formation and the sandstone fracture aquifers of the Shanxi Formation; most areas of the water-conducting fracture zone of the No. 3 coal seam can reach the surface, and the surface of the working face during mining can form ground cracks, and the mine water inflow volume is affected by atmospheric precipitation and surface water during the rainy season, and they are positively correlated with each other. Although it has an impact on mining, it is generally controllable, and the difficulty of water prevention and control is relatively low. On this basis, targeted water prevention and control suggestions were proposed in accordance with the "Regulations on Mine Geological Work". Read More

Abstract: Against the backdrop of accelerating socio-economic development, regional ecosystems are increasingly exposed to pressures such as air pollution, soil erosion, and water scarcity, highlighting the need for more robust ecological protection. Taking the upper Hanjiang River Basin as the study area, this study integrates the Analytic Hierarchy Process with GIS-based spatial overlay to assess ecological suitability. An indicator system comprising elevation, slope, aspect, mean annual precipitation, river-buffer conditions, vegetation distribution, and land-use type was constructed, and indicator weights were determined through expert judgment and pairwise comparison matrices that passed the consistency test. The results show that areas rated suitable or above account for approximately 70% of the study area, indicating an overall favorable level of ecological suitability. Spatially, suitability is relatively low in the Qinling and Daba mountain belts and comparatively high in the central Hanjiang valley and around urbanized areas. Localized high-suitability clusters, such as meadow valleys near the Baohe Basin, are closely associated with favorable vegetation cover and relatively stable ecological conditions, whereas strip-like low-suitability belts between the northern Daba Mountains and the Hanjiang main stem are strongly constrained by slope and aspect and should therefore be prioritized in soil-erosion control. On this basis, targeted strategies are proposed for biodiversity conservation, water-resource protection, and rational land-use planning so as to support ecological restoration, environmental governance, and sustainable development in the upper Hanjiang River Basin. Read More

Abstract: Ganzhou has experienced rapid land-use and socioeconomic transformation over the past two decades, yet county-level analyses of carbon emission dynamics and their land-use drivers remain limited. This study examines the spatiotemporal evolution of county-level CO₂ emissions in Ganzhou from 2000 to 2020 using emission data from the China Emission Accounts and Datasets, land-use maps, and socioeconomic statistics. Spatial analytical methods, including Moran’s I and the standard deviational ellipse, together with landscape metrics and correlation analysis, were applied to explore emission patterns and their relationship with land-use structure. Results show that total CO₂ emissions increased from 9.59 Mt in 2000 to 36.36 Mt in 2020, although the growth rate slowed after 2010. The spatial pattern shifted from a “central high–peripheral low” structure to a more dispersed pattern characterized by “central > northeast > south > west.” Built-up land expansion and greater patch aggregation are significantly positively correlated with emissions, whereas larger and more connected forest patches show significant negative correlations. These findings highlight the importance of controlling urban expansion, improving forest connectivity, and promoting coordinated regional mitigation strategies to support carbon reduction and sink enhancement. Read More

Abstract: To elucidate the sedimentary environment and provenance background of the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation in the Shuiquan area of Hefeng, Hubei Province, geochemical analyses were conducted on samples collected from an observed profile. The results indicate that the sedimentation of the Wufeng Formation occurred under predominantly cold and dry climatic conditions, whereas the Longmaxi Formation was characterized by a warm and humid climate. The ratios of Ba/Al and Ba(bio) suggest that the ancient productivity at the base of the Longmaxi Formation was relatively high. During its deposition, the Wufeng Formation experienced an oxidizing to sub-oxic environment, while the Longmaxi Formation exhibited an overall sub-oxic environment. Variations in rare earth elements indicate that the sedimentation rate of the Wufeng Formation was higher than that of the Longmaxi Formation; however, a layer with a significantly slow sedimentation rate is present at the base of the Longmaxi Formation; According to the U/Mo covariance model, the sedimentary environment of the Longmaxi Formation is characterized by a strong retention of water bodies. The characteristics of trace elements and rare earth element compositions and their ratios indicate that the material sources primarily originate from the upper crust, exhibiting a relatively homogeneous source with the main parent rock being felsic granite. The tectonic background of the source area is predominantly characterized by an active continental margin, while also displaying some features typical of continental island arcs. Read More

Abstract: Mine water disaster is a common safety hazard in the process of coal mining, which poses a major threat to the life safety of miners and coal mine production. Major safety and environmental problems in the process of mining. With the continuous increase of mining depth, the difficulty of mine water prevention and control is also increasing. This paper first expounds the types and hazards of mine water disaster and the current situation, problems and development trend of mine water prevention and control, and then analyzes in detail the common methods of water disaster prediction, including geological exploration, hydrogeological investigation, hydrological simulation, remote sensing technology, etc., and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, the measures of mine water disaster prevention and control are discussed, including mining design, hydrological control, precipitation and drainage, water plugging and water control, etc., and the application effect of prevention and control measures is analyzed with specific cases. Read More

Abstract: Water pollution is one of the major environmental problems facing the world, posing a serious threat to human health and the ecosystem. The sources of water pollution mainly include industrial emissions, agricultural activities, and urban domestic sewage, and its impacts involve drinking water safety and ecosystem destruction. Rural areas are the foundation for building a "Beautiful China" and play an important role in ecological civilization construction; urban rivers are a key link in building urban ecological environments and an important part of urban ecosystems. Therefore, sufficient attention should be given to water pollution problems in rural and urban areas, and effective measures should be taken to continuously optimize the ecological environment. Based on the analysis of the existing problems and causes of water pollution in rural and urban rivers, this article explores the path of water pollution prevention and control from the perspective of sustainable development and summarizes the corresponding prevention and control measures. Read More

Abstract: In the context of urban renewal, specialized botanical gardens, as an integral component of urban green spaces, face multiple challenges including functional revitalization, ecological optimization, and cultural reshaping. Taking the landscape enhancement scheme of the Magnolia and Camellia Garden in Hangzhou Botanical Garden as an example, this paper explores innovative paths for botanical garden design strategies from the perspective of urban regeneration. The study first reviews the development history of the Magnolia and Camellia Garden since its establishment in 1959, analyzing existing problems concerning plant varieties, supporting facilities, and spatial vitality. On this basis, it proposes a four-in-one design principle of "ecological priority, scientific layout, cultural manifestation, and interactive experience," establishing an overall positioning characterized by "beautiful scenery, exquisite horticultural techniques, and elegant style." Through strategies such as optimizing the topography and water framework, integrating the road system, enriching plant communities, and improving service facilities, the scheme achieves a dual enhancement of both the ecological environment and recreational functions of the garden. Simultaneously, by incorporating smart garden technologies, it constructs a diversified experiential space integrating popular science education and leisure activities, thereby exploring a sustainable development path for specialized botanical gardens amid urban renewal. The research demonstrates that botanical garden design integrating urban renewal concepts can not only effectively activate existing green spaces but also promote the transformation of botanical gardens from a single ornamental role to a composite function encompassing ecology, culture, and education. This provides theoretical references and practical insights for the upgrading and renovation of similar specialized gardens. Read More

Abstract: With the advancement of high-quality higher education, psychological stress and cognitive fatigue among university students have become increasingly prominent issues. Consequently, the "educational" and "recovery" functions of campus environments have emerged as a research focus within the field of landscape architecture. Plant color, as a core visual element in landscape perception, serves as a crucial means for implementing low-cost, non-contact environmental interventions. This paper systematically defines core concepts—plant color classification, restorative environments, and restorative effects—by reviewing domestic and international literature. It analyzes restorative measurement indicators from physiological and psychological dimensions and reviews global research progress on plant color restorative effects in urban, medical, elderly care, and campus settings. Visual analysis using CiteSpace reveals a shift from empirical descriptions toward evidence-based quantitative design. Finally, addressing current gaps—including insufficient segmentation of campus settings, inadequate group adaptability, and lack of regional seasonal studies—this paper proposes future research directions for plant color schemes in university activity spaces, aiming to provide theoretical foundations for creating high-quality educational environments. Read More

Abstract: Objective: To address the homogenization of visual expression and the marginalization of deep-seated cultural genes in Xianju County, this study explores a systematic translation path for cultural genes into visual symbols. Methods: Based on cultural gene theory, a "screening-decoding-translation-evaluation" method chain was constructed. Core genes were screened using a dual-dimensional index of material and non-material aspects and a three-dimensional model of "recognition-exclusivity-activity." Semiotic theory was applied for visual transformation, and a questionnaire was used for empirical testing. Results: The constructed county-level visual identity system received positive feedback in terms of cultural recognizability, regional relevance, and application willingness, effectively enhancing public cultural identification. Conclusion: This research provides a replicable path for the revitalization of county-level cultural resources and the construction of a visual image, and has practical significance for promoting the transformation of cultural resources into brand assets. Read More

Abstract: The Heyu megaporphyritic coarse-grained monzogranite, located in the East Qinling area at the southern margin of the North China Craton, shows a distinctive sub-porphyritic texture and complex mineral assemblages that record the processes of magma formation and emplacement. Field investigations, petrography, and in-situ laser Raman spectroscopy reveal the micro-crystallization characteristics and fluid metasomatic sequences of the primary mineral phases. Early-crystallized plagioclase forms a rigid crystal framework (65% to 70% by volume) that records multiple stages of patchy albitization, K-feldspathization, and silicification. Mafic minerals (hornblende and biotite) and accessory phases (apatite, sphene, zircon, and magnetite) fill intergranular fractures within the felsic framework. These textures suggest precipitation from late-stage volatile-rich hydrothermal fluids rather than normal fractional crystallization. Petrographic evidence defines three dynamic stages of pluton evolution: early crystallization and cold storage of the crystal mush, deep fluid injection and mush reactivation, and magma emplacement with late-stage fluid precipitation. The large-scale influx of deep alkali-rich and volatile-rich supercritical fluids causes intense fluid-rock interaction, significantly reducing the rheological viscosity of the crystal mush. This viscosity reduction is the key mechanism to overcome the rheological barrier of high-silica magmas and facilitate final emplacement. Read More

Abstract: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission monitoring is a core link in global carbon neutrality and climate change response, which provides accurate data support for emission accounting, policy formulation and emission reduction effect evaluation. This paper systematically elaborates the main technical systems of greenhouse gas emission monitoring, including ground-based in-situ monitoring, remote sensing monitoring and mobile monitoring technologies, and analyzes the technical characteristics, application scope and accuracy of different monitoring methods. On this basis, the key challenges faced by current GHG emission monitoring are discussed, such as the low monitoring accuracy of small and medium-sized emission sources, the high cost of long-term continuous monitoring, the insufficient integration of multi-source monitoring data and the lack of unified global monitoring standards. Finally, the future development trends of GHG emission monitoring technology are prospected, including the miniaturization and intellectualization of monitoring equipment, the networking of monitoring stations, the high precision of remote sensing monitoring and the construction of global unified monitoring data platforms. This study aims to provide theoretical and technical references for the optimization and improvement of greenhouse gas emission monitoring systems in various countries. Read More

Abstract: Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia driven by renewable energy offers the dual benefits of environmental remediation and sustainable ammonia synthesis. However, this process is a complex multi-electron, multi-proton reaction involving a variety of reaction pathways, making it crucial to understand its mechanism at the molecular level. This review first outlines the necessity and advantages of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia, as well as its electrochemical principles and fundamentals. It then focuses on the reaction mechanisms and pathways, along with in situ characterization techniques used to monitor reaction intermediates and identify active sites. Finally, future research directions are proposed, and the applications and economic value in sustainable ammonia synthesis and energy conversion are systematically discussed. This review aims to decode the principles of nitrate reduction to ammonia and provide guidance for the rational design and development of electrocatalysts to achieve a sustainable and efficient nitrogen cycle. Read More

Abstract: Coalbed methane (CBM) possesses the triple attributes of being an energy source, a greenhouse gas, and a mine disaster gas, making it a critical target for increasing reserves and production of unconventional natural gas, as well as for coal mine safety governance. This paper systematically reviews the current status of CBM development technologies in the United States, Australia, Canada, and China through literature review and case analysis. It focuses on comparing the technological path differences among these countries in terms of resource endowment, well type selection, reservoir stimulation, and drainage systems. Research indicates that North America and Australia have formed mature models centered on vertical wells or multi-seam co-production, primarily targeting shallow, medium-to-low rank, and high-permeability coal seams. Under the conditions of high-rank, low-permeability, and deep-buried coal seams, China has developed characteristic technologies such as "geology-engineering integration," horizontal well volume fracturing, and full life-cycle drainage, achieving breakthroughs in the medium-shallow high-rank coals of the Qinshui Basin and the deep coal rock gas of the Ordos Basin. Future efforts should continuously focus on sweet spot evaluation and construction, deep fracturing and intelligent drainage, green and low-carbon development, and policy synergy to enhance the safety, economic viability, and strategic support capacity of the CBM industry. Read More

Abstract: In this study, a heavy metal chelating agent, PZ-DTC, containing two dithiocarbamate (DTC) groups, was synthesized using piperazine and carbon disulfide as raw materials for the removal of mercury ions from wastewater. The performance of PZ-DTC in removing Hg²⁺ was systematically investigated under various conditions, including pH, dosage, addition of flocculants (ferric chloride and polyaluminum chloride), and different filtration methods. The mercury removal efficiency of PZ-DTC was compared with that of the conventional chelating agent sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (SDDC). The results indicate that PZ-DTC exhibits excellent Hg²⁺ removal performance under alkaline conditions (pH ≥ 11). At pH = 13 and a PZ-DTC: Hg²⁺ molar ratio of 3:1, the residual mercury ion concentration after filtration through a 0.22 μm membrane was 0.007 mg·L⁻¹, corresponding to a removal efficiency of 99.86%, which meets the wastewater discharge standard established by the World Health Organization (0.01 mg·L⁻¹). Compared with SDDC, which contains a single DTC group, PZ-DTC demonstrated higher removal efficiency and lower residual mercury concentrations under identical conditions. Particle size distribution analysis of the chelates revealed that the precipitates formed between PZ-DTC and Hg²⁺ were mainly distributed in the size range of 0.22–0.45 μm, and particle size increased with increasing dosage, facilitating solid–liquid separation. Upon the addition of polyaluminum chloride (PAC), the chelate particles significantly increased in size (>0.8 μm), the precipitation rate accelerated, and the mercury concentration in the supernatant was reduced to nearly zero. In summary, PZ-DTC exhibits superior Hg²⁺ removal performance under alkaline conditions, forming stable chelates with good precipitation characteristics, indicating its strong potential for engineering applications in mercury-containing wastewater treatment. Read More

Abstract: As a non-renewable strategic mineral resource, phosphate ore is the core raw material for phosphate fertilizer production, new material manufacturing and other fields. The high proportion of low and medium-grade phosphate ore in China leads to an annual emission of phosphate tailings (PT) exceeding 10 million tons, with a huge cumulative stockpile and low comprehensive utilization rate. The environmental and safety problems such as water pollution and geological hazards caused by stockpiling have become increasingly prominent. Under the requirements of the “dual carbon” strategy and circular economy development, the transformation of PT from stockpiling disposal to efficient resource utilization has become an inevitable trend. PT is rich in valuable components such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and silicon. At present, its resource utilization has formed four core technical paths: recovery of valuable elements, building material utilization, agricultural conversion, and preparation of environmental functional materials, showing good application potential in fields such as bulk consumption, nutrient reuse and pollution control. However, it still faces industrialization bottlenecks such as complex processes, low added value and poor adaptability of soil application. This paper systematically sorts out the current situation of PT generation and disposal, the environmental risks of traditional disposal, and the research progress of various resource utilization technologies, analyzes the advantages and limitations of different technical paths, and looks forward to its development direction of synergization, high-valueization, greenization and intelligence, in order to provide reference for the technological innovation and industrial landing of efficient resource utilization of PT and the construction of a closed-loop industrial chain. Read More